In the field of cancer therapy, microtubule inhibitors are among the most classic types of cytotoxic agents. By blocking the dynamic assembly of microtubules, they directly interfere with cell division. From taxanes and vinca alkaloids to MMAE (monomethyl auristatin E), these molecules have long been indispensable weapons in the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). 1. […]
Membrane proteins account for approximately 20-30% of proteins encoded by the human genome and play central roles in cell signaling, substance transport, and cell recognition. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of membrane proteins are closely associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic diseases, making them key focuses in drug discovery. Multi-pass […]
In recent years, the role of chemokine receptors in immune regulation, tumor development, and tissue repair has attracted increasing attention. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7), also known as ACKR3 (Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3), serves as an atypical receptor for CXCL12/CXCL11. Owing to its unique signaling mechanism and functional roles in various diseases, CXCR7 has […]
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse and complex group of disorders characterized by immune dysregulation resulting from aberrant interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Their pathogenesis is multifactorial, and the clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous, posing significant challenges to effective treatment. Although recent advances have shed light on key pathological processes and molecular mechanisms, […]
1. CAR Positivity Detection As CAR-T therapy matures, reliably measuring CAR expression on T cells has become crucial for preclinical quality control, release criteria, and efficacy prediction. The key metric, “CAR positivity rate” (%CAR⁺), reflects how well CAR binds its target antigen, typically assessed via flow cytometry or ELISA. Common detection reagents include: Notably, detection […]
In recent years, the successive approvals of two new drugs have once again brought a chemokine receptor into the spotlight. In 2023, the FDA approved Motixafortide (brand name Aphexda) in combination with long-acting G-CSF for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma. Then in 2024, the FDA approved Mavorixafor (Xolremdi) for the treatment […]
CCR1 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in inflammatory responses and immune cell migration. In recent years, with the deepening research on immune-related diseases and the tumor microenvironment, CCR1 has gradually emerged as an important therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases, tumors, and organ fibrosis. 1. Overview of CCR1 Chemokine monomers […]
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex and highly heterogeneous hematologic malignancy closely associated with various cytogenetic and chromosomal abnormalities. Among them, mutations in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene are one of the most common genetic alterations. Studies have shown that approximately 25% of AML patients carry FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations (FLT3-ITD), while about […]
In the drug development efforts targeting complex diseases such as neuropsychiatric disorders, metabolic dysregulation, and cancer, the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor family is garnering increasing attention from researchers and pharmaceutical companies alike. As a typical subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), NPY receptors not only regulate a variety of physiological processes but also play critical […]
In recent years, the rapid development of AI-driven drug discovery (AI-based drug discovery) and Cryo-EM (cryo-electron microscopy) has gradually unveiled the mysteries of many previously considered “undruggable” protein targets. Among them, membrane proteins, which are crucial targets for drug development, are now seeing unprecedented breakthroughs under the dual influence of AI and Cryo-EM technologies. However, membrane protein […]